Sheeting-pile of reinforced concrete.



Y s. L. RAVIER. SHEETING PILE OP REINPORCED CONCRETE..

APPLICATION FILED SEPT. 15; U09.

Patented .ma 2s, 19'1'0. f

ln satijn-annu! a.

- lNVENTUR fffffcw/wsrsA UNITED STAf- ES gf. :A

summe-PILE' onzimjoon ebironismn;

.To 'whom fit. concern: Be it knownthat I', SYLVAIN, s', o itizenA of the-Republic of of Paris, fFra-11ce, 5 Sheeting Pile of Reinforced Concrete,"0f

- resident which the f:folloxlving isA aspecifoation:

The or"- hoope'ci) 1 04 over,`sheeting piles wise rammed are also "Theg'sbje'ot of the pile Iwhih ofnorml form for a portol of its length (preferably the lowel 115 combine A'with or,

and extending @of theJpile, v(

so Vthat thefpile is'adapted to be driven inns 20'. 'reaj'di'y as the"'u sal,'plairr' pile iwhile at the (the w1dth. of sheetgl and" is' thus adapted u oys, dam$,`embar 1lnnents,jetties and dikes, or preventin'gthe iimieminigfth footi-4 desired. point it has loymen't of piles' f` 1jeinf0`rc ed cement concretev rammed like woodenjpiles hasbeeome oi; the Samejknd liked wth=.- sheeting formed in onefdherg ip dependently and mounted thereon. @Ver a Pbrn. O f thelengfhf p referably the upperA portion) 6 is va @ross section ofthebomy qboYef-ormbebw thezsheetingg' ig. 7--is n plan of a,- 'modied form ofinterlock be- `tweentheedges'. of adjedent pi1es; Fi B is 'o broken elevationfo another. fjorm o ile; Fig. 9 is o secton thereof on the -lnegCIlC,

. 1 0i's a section ori thejline A- r 11.-is 'a broken elevamodiied -foxjm bf ile; thereof on the Iii-1e *0, vFig. 11;Z Fig. 13- is` mseeton thereof on the 'line A-Arf B--B.,` Fig. f'lIFig. 14 is a 'elevation of a. s truotureshowing.- myp1le employed oonnection .with-anhor platesthe'refor; Fig, '1'55 is 'glanof the same 'showri'gjhe nchr plates; 1 elevationjof anotherformfo stli't'ulre .in -z'whih 'my' i-IlvlpQVed pil-e .vatio'njs of ystruotures.in which my improved: ile is employed in, different forms for- `\d 1f' geteilt pui'poses; :F.igrflQ is o, 4lan view of i Fig. 2o is,

PtenfjedvJune 2 8, 1910. Animation mear September 15,\ '19o9. serial N9. 517s1o.

of the 'v 16'is a side and -nohor plate 'ai side e' evation- 'of gmodiliedform of pile'with the sheetm 1n two portions Eig. 21 is :Larose section o the of bein' of a constant width for special purposes 4t c .sheeting may be of variable width and present amore or less comphcated or irregular' contour. l

5 In Figs. 4, 5 and' 6 the pile core is hooped wir? the reinforcing of the lsheetmg' 1s a plate of expanded metal D. The edges of the sheeting are offset to aord ,a convenient joint with the' edge ofthe adjacent pile, tol

which it may be united by pouring ceinent or other illin'gmaterial intor the's ace w, y;

25,05. Instead of a joint like that ilustrated l 17 and 18. VInstead of a single'reinforcing bar Z, two 'bars ay be provided at each pier orcounterfort as shown in Figs. 8.and 9.

Fi 8, 9 and 10 represent amodication f ingw ic the sheeting is. not integralwith the pile but is merely i'itted on it. This arrangement is specially intended "for cases wheretheirregularity of the driving -of the pilesis troublesome and for sea Works Where the sheeting Vwould constitute an' impediment during the ramming owing to the action exerted upon .it by the waves.V The piles are rstrammed and then the slieetings are- `fitted on and allowed to descend. When desirable, yfor example' in forming a dam, thesheeting itself may be slightly been drivenin and which serve to vsupport the sheeting. In Figs. 8, 9 and 10 the same letters of reference are used as in` the preceding figures f or like parts. In order to simplify the drawing the 'reinforcing barsgof the pile havemetbeen indicated in Fig. 8 throughout the entire length of the pile but only at the ends. The square fu, rw, yf@ inv Fig. 9 represents both the exterior of the pile and thehole in the ribs of the buttresses ofthe sheeting by means of which the saijd sheetheliX b coile upon a rectangle of round `bars a. FThe sheetin7is"reinforced vertically upon one of its 4aces b y a sheet of' expanded metal D and. upon the other face "resent ajstrong and simpler construction 41n Whichitlie sheeting is only sin-'enlargement' of'vthepile without diminution in thickness.

i other of suitable construe-- rammed subsequently by special means, in-

. aeppdenny of the .pneswhich havealready f ingv is passed onto the pile. 'By' way of .example the pile is shown hooped with a' cially applied to the economical construction of jetties or (likes.v In this case the sheeting piles are strengthened to resist lthe waves by means of ordinary Wooden iles or preferably reinforced cement .v or liooped cement .70 piles arranged behind them. The arrangement shown in Fig. 14 is given byA way of eX- ample where A D is the sheeting pile and E H and .IM are ordinary piles;l BQGHF, L;

4and A Fare struts and B F, F K. A E, and 75 represented :by h n. 'The lengths ofthe rammed piles may then be reduced to B D F H, K M, the upper parts'A B', E F,"J K, being constructed and connected subsequently. The sheeting iles In' ht also be 90 consolidated' by piles p anted o liqjiely as shown in Fig. 16; the arrangements inFigs.

14 and 16 Vmight also bevcombined. Owing to the greatpressure exertedby the waves each sheeting pileAB Cv (Fig. 14.01* 16) will 95 act in the manner of a part subjected to great iexure between A and B' on the one hand and between B and C on the other hand.. In order to resist this lexurev the. pile nia-y be given a rectangular-section elongated in the direction per 'endicular to the sheetingl and strongly rein orced or there maybe added te the sheeting'preferably behind (on thejetty side)` vertical ribs of strongly reinforced cement formi one withv it and .of uniform height-or rat er in formo'f e ual resistance corresponding tothe curve o Vthe b nding moments;

The jetty of ,the type illustl'rated. Fig. 14: or 16ma be completedinucase of .urgeicy by large sla s of reinforced ceinentfar-ranoed flat on' the ground extendin considerably in 'front of the fpiles whichV Vpass through which naintains'theig slabs WellV inf ositionll Theobject of this arrangementwif-t .pref vent the hol'lowing action of the waves in front of the jetty.'` The slabs-re resented at N G in Fig. lkandi at PQR iIifFig, 15 overlap slightly-at the lines o fs'fjunction if necessary. They ma be more for 'lessfconif pllcated 1n form 'an construction; so' as to' ada t'themselves to the ground and resist the'. i-fting action of the-Waves,

Figs. 14 and 1 6 show sheeting piles on one 125 side 'of the jetty only, that is'` to sayl the outj side but if desirable they ,maybe provided 4olibothjsides and' then .the su plementary. piles ,and strutsare arrangedV onresisting- Thelmproved sheeting pile may be spethe" waves which may come up olithe two sides respectively. Another maritim application o the sheeting pile consists in 'o tothe ratio between the filled and vacant spaces in the'sort of vertical'grating.-opposed to the 'waves Ifv it be desired to prevent agitation of the surface While at' the samel time lalloWing the Water to flow freely be= neath, the arran 'ement illustrated in F10. 18 may be adopte order to shorten-the piles they may terminate foot of the 'sheeting piles when the arrangeybelovv the level of high water which arrangement allows the agitation of the surface to pass freely at, high Water and only'stops the ground swell as shown in the right hand of Fig. 17. If at a certain .distance behind a line of sh'etin piles ofone4 of these three types, another ine is arranged a fresh' dead-v enmg of the waveswill result. Three successive -lines or even-more may be provided accordi to circumstances so as to obtain behind t e last line either a perfect calm 0r merely the degree .of calmness desired. In order to produce a perfect calm the sheeting of the last line may be arranged almost continuous as shown in Fig. 19. The lines of sheeting piles thus formed are 'readily maintained ause if some of the piles are demolished by a storm it is only necessary to add others at the side. y

In order to render the sheeting piles better able to lesist the effort of the waves ver l tical cement ribs strongly reinforced may. beadded to them or the pile..;.proper may be ffiven a rectangular section elongated in th'e` direction perpendicular to 'the sheeting. Each pile may;

the level of e ground or slightly below vit las having to experience at this pointv the' strongest bending moment so that it .is at ,this height that the ribs or 'the 'increase o f section of the pile in the direction perpendicular to the sheeting should 4'be greatest. By formin r'a suitable hypothesisas to the pressure o the waves per unit of surface it ssii-ileV in each case to calculate thebend- 'moments of the pile at the different is lng heights and to deduce therefrom a rational .system of ribbing or reinforcement.

In ordezathat the embedding may be proved in proximity to the place wherethe pile enters the ground and especially if this gro/und is not stable, it is advisable 'to drive the sheeting in slightly or if the sheetin is ol' the type represented in Fig. 18 to ad to.

(he pilega wing of sheeting at 'the place where it' 'enters the ground (Fig. 20). From the same oint of view the pile might be given a T-s iaped cross' section for the whole or a part of its embedded length" as was s ant'y ing the sheeting piles in disconnected lines' where the piles remain completely indepiles thus constituted' On the other hand in be considered as embedded to .shown FigQQ-l'; the-upper bar of' the vthus constituted' is appreciably narrower' than the' sheeting existing'above- Fig-'22 represents for the lines of sheeting piles, a modification consisting in'ar-v ranging -the units rSlightly Aobliquely. WVith 'this arrangementthe forcefof the sea passing throughthefirst line of .piles`will be` partially 'deflected laterally parallel withjthis line as indicated by"the"arrows whichv will.- 'beadvantageous -in diminishingl the effort upon 4the second line of pileswhich may either be of the same oblique type with a different inclination or'of 'the known' oblique Vtype previously described In order to prevent undermining at' the ments illustrated 1n Figs. 17 toI `19 andA 22 are adopted, slabs of. reinforced cement may r'be used; the .piles pass throughthese slabs and retain them as described with referencef to the arrangement shown in Fig. 1t. Holes may be provided in, these slabs for the reception of supplementary piles in case 'i repairs are necessary. The screens. of lines of sheeting piles formed 1n the manner dei scribed may be `used for protecting works of any kind. In particular if the sea `is generally very rough inthe locality such screens may be arrangedin front of jetties of the type represented in Fig. 14 of' the present the' strain on such jetties. On'the other hand if the coninvention thereby reducing ditions of the sea are relatively calinso that the piles are not subjected to. excessive shocks and so that' there i that the waves in bra' i'fngagamst the p1 'es will send' up excessivelyhigh'jets or sheets Xof water, it is possible in a screen of lines of -disconnectedshe'eting piles ofthe type illus'- -trated in Fig.19,to connect the heads of the ractically no dan er sheeting piles, arrange planking' upon the 1 transverse connections and thereby4 constitute a jettydiffering from that represented in Fig. 14 owing tothe fact that the sea `Will become deadened-belowinstead of in front'. Ties half way up and obliquely arranged may be also fitted between the piles as shown in Fi .14.

I c aim as my invention:V

1.A single pile of reinforced concrete having an enlarged portion extending beyond both sides of the pile and constituting a monolithic sheeting, but being of ordinaicross-section at itslower `or pointed n 2. A.A 'pile-ofi reinforced or heaped concrete I having an venlarged -portionconstitnting N sheeting, saidsheeting portion being inde-vpendent of the pile. core and bein adapted to be passed 4on said core after the atter has beenrammed, substantially as described.

3. Asingle pile havin tion exten ing beyond oth sidesj-thereof constituting a monolithic.,s l`1eeting, the verf' `iis l teaiedges of said sheeting heini' shapedto permit .the .passage ofrsaid. 4pointed endengage the edge of an adjacent s eeting and -theret1r1ro11`gh,V substantially :is-described.

form "an open joint therewith adapted to be In testimony whereof I have lsigned' my i filled with a suitable binder, Substantially as name to this specification in the `presence of 5 deseribed. n y two subscribing ivvitnessesr` 4. A pile of reinforced or hooped concrete SYLVAIN 'L0' #IS RAVIER having an en1a,1g'edY portion constituting r A Y 1 v V sheeting' but being of ordinary cross section Witnesses: at vits lower or pointed end, in combination CHARLES DRURY, 10 with anchor' plates of concrete perforated to EUGEN HEMnT. 

